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SmY ribonucleic acids (SmY RNAs) are a family of small nuclear RNAs found in some species of nematode worms. They are thought to be involved in mRNA trans-splicing. SmY RNAs are about 70–90 nucleotides long and share a common secondary structure, with two stem-loops flanking a consensus binding site for Sm protein.〔〔 Sm protein is a shared component of spliceosomal snRNPs. SmY RNAs have been found in nematodes of class Chromadorea, which includes the most commonly studied nematodes (such as ''Caenorhabditis'', ''Pristionchus'', and ''Ascaris''), but not in the more distantly related ''Trichinella spiralis'' in class Dorylaimia. The number of SmY genes in each species varies, with most ''Caenorhabditis'' and ''Pristionchus'' species having 10–26 related paralogous copies, while other nematodes have 1–5.〔 ==Discovery== The first SmY RNA was discovered in 1996 in purified ''Ascaris lumbricoides'' spliceosome preparations, as was another called SmX RNA that is not detectably homologous to SmY.〔 Twelve SmY homologs were identified computationally in ''Caenorhabditis elegans'', and ten in ''Caenorhabditis briggsae''.〔 Several transcripts from these SmY genes were cloned and sequenced in a systematic survey of small non-coding RNA transcripts in ''C. elegans''. A systematic survey of 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine (TMG) 5' capped transcripts in ''C.elegans'' using anti TMG antibodies identified two TMG capped SmY transcripts. Sequence analysis of the potential Sm binding sites in these transcripts indicated the SmY, U5 snRNA, U3 snoRNA and the spliced leader RNAs transcripts (SL1 and SL2) all contain a very similar consensus SM binding sequence ( AAU4–5GGA). The predicted SM binding sites identified in the U1, U2 and U4 snRNA transcripts varied from this consensus. 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SmY RNA」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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